Aim and Scope

Objective: The study is conducted to access the effectiveness of Isometric Handgrip (IHG) Exercise in pre-eclamptic females. Material and Methods: Fifty-six diagnosed females with history of pre-eclampsia were randomly allocated into two groups: A with 28 subjects and B with 28 subjects. Participants with group A received isometric handgrip exercise along with medicines while Group B was treated only with medicines. Each patient was treated three times a week for a period of 4 weeks. Pre-treatment, 2nd week and 4th week measurements of blood pressure was taken by a sphygmomanometer, reading was taken according to American Heart Association. Results: While comparing the values of both experimental and control group, both groups show statistically significant changes in the results after treatment, but experimental group shows more improvement than control group. Conclusion: In the study, it has been demonstrated that reduction in SBP and DBP was seen after 4 weeks of isometric handgrip exercise. It is also concluded that IHG training may be an easy, simple, cost-effective, efficacious, and non-pharmacological therapy in clinical management for reduction of blood pressure in pregnancy. Keywords: Hypertension, Diastolic blood pressure, Isometric handgrip exercise, IHG Training, Pre-eclampsia, Systolic blood pressure

DOI:https://doi.org/10.52587/njmhs.v4i2.35 Abstract Objective: Breech presentation is a common complication during pregnancy that increases the risk of fetal morbidity and mortality during vaginal delivery compared to caesarean section. To reduce the number of caesarean sections and associated complications, external cephalic version (ECV) is recommended. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine the success rate of ECV in uncomplicated singleton breech presentation at term. Material and Methods: The study was conducted on 85 patients at Gynae-unit I, SPH/ Bolan Medical Complex Hospital, Quetta, Pakistan. The success rate of ECV was found to be 42.4%, while the failure rate was 57.6%. Multigravida had a higher success rate (80.6%). Complications such as fetal distress, ruptured membranes, placental abruption, and emergency cesarean section occurred in a small percentage of cases. Results: According to study, the success rate was 42.4% and failure rate was 57.6%. Multigravida shows higher success rate (80.6%). In one patient (1.2%) emergency cesarean section was done due to abruption placenta, that occur in (1.2%) after the successive version, and in 4.7% cases fetal bradycardia was seen, which was transient, that resolved spontaneously. No complication seen after failed ECV. Conclusion: The study concludes that ECV is an effective and safe procedure in reducing the incidence of breech presentation at term with a low risk of complications. Maternal age and multiparity are associated with a higher success rate, and the procedure is simple to learn and perform. Properly counseled women are satisfied with the procedure, and well-equipped obstetrics units should routinely offer the procedure in selected cases during term pregnancies. Keywords: Abruption placenta, Breech presentation, External cephalic version, Term pregnancy

DOI:https://doi.org/10.52587/njmhs.v4i2.40 Objective: The study was planned to measure markers of myocardial injury in experimental model of acute myocardial infarction. Material and Methods: This was a randomized experimental study. In the study, 40 male rabbits were included and distributed equally into five groups. During first 14 days, G-1 and G-2 (control group and Iso-control group) animals got 1ml normal saline, while G-3, G-4 and G-5 animals got citric acid at the dose of 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 750 mg/kg body weight respectively. Isoproterenol (85mg/kg body weight) was injected subcutaneously for induction of acute myocardial infarction in experimental model except for G-1. Markers of myocardial injury like serum- CK-MB, LDH., SGOT and SGPT were analyzed in the study. Results: The data in the study shows that there was significant rise in myocardial injury markers such as CK-MB, LDH, SGOT and SGPT as compared to control-group indicating severe infarction and myocardial cell death. On the other hand, citric acid treated groups showed significant restoration of CK-MB, LDH, SGOT and SGPT as compared to Iso-control group. Conclusion: It is clear from this study that citric acid possesses cardio protective potential. It reduces the impact of ischemic injury to myocardium during acute attack of myocardial infarction, evident by reduced cardiac enzymes levels. Keywords: Acute myocardial infarction, Cardio protection, Isoproterenol, Cardiac Enzymes, CK-MB, LDH, Citric acid.

DOI:https://doi.org/10.52587/njmhs.v4i2.41 Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of proprioceptive and therapeutic exercises on pain among patients with knee osteoarthritis. Material and Methods: In this study, fifty-four patients having knee osteoarthritis were arbitrarily assigned into two groups: Group-A with 27 patients and Group-B with 27 patients. Both groups were given local heat for 20 minutes. Group A received proprioceptive exercises while Group B was treated with therapeutic exercises. Each patient was treated four times a week for a period of 4 weeks. Pre-treatment, 2nd week and 4th week intensity of pain, stiffness and physical difficulties were evaluated by using Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaire. Results: After the fourth week of exercises, both Groups A and B's mean values on WOMAC scores significantly decreased (P<0.001). However, it was found that the Group A having proprioceptive exercises performed better than Group B with therapeutic exercises. Conclusion: The special effects of proprioceptive exercises on the pain are more effective than therapeutic exercises among the patients of knee osteoarthritis. Further studies are needed to explore the better strategies to manage knee osteoarthritis with the help of proprioceptive exercises. Keywords: Knee Osteoarthritis, Proprioceptive Exercises, Therapeutic Exercises, Pain intensity.