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Objective: Constraint-induced movement therapy is a form of rehabilitation therapy that improves function of involved extremity in patients of stroke and other patients with damage to brain by selectively increasing the use of their affected upper limb. The basic purpose of current study was to access the functional abilities of upper limb among older adults having constraint induce movement therapy post 6-9 months of ischemic stroke. Material and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted on 43 stroke patients who had undergone constraint induced movement therapy. Data was collected from patients with stroke coming to physical therapy department of multi-setting Hospitals. Data collection was performance based and patients were evaluated by help of Wolf Motor Function Test that is standardize tool and involves 15 items and two strength items. Validity of WMFT is 0.92. Results: The mean age of patients was 62.44 whereas standard deviation 7.95. Mean and Standard deviation of functional ability was 3.3488 with a Standard Deviation 0.9228 and a P value of 0.001. Conclusion: Use of CIMT therapy during sub-acute stage rehabilitation period of post stroke patients facilitates functional improvement of a pelagic upper limb. Key Words: Constraint Induced Therapy, Functional Ability, Stroke, Manual coordination.

Objective: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease and its prevalence is increasing with each passing day. This research work was aimed to study the impact of a pharmaceutical care program on asthmatic patients. Material and Methods: Prospective study was performed on sixty patients in Gulab Devi chest hospital Lahore by questionnaire evaluation. Two methods were used for data collection including the use of pharmaceutical care model instrument to collect participant’s baseline data, peak expiratory flow rates, adverse reaction of asthma medication and triggering factors. A seven-point scale score method was used for technique of using inhaler in proper way Results & Conclusion: Majority of study participants were female 58% under 35-45years of age and 75% of patients had family history of asthma. The average peak expiratory flow rate was 280±7.7 and a significant difference (p<0.05) was found between pre and post intervention group. Most of the study participants had a maximum of primary school education 46.5%. The daily symptoms occurrence was 13.9% and the night-times awakenings was 14.2% more than once in a week, 61.7 % patients showed adherence to preventive medication. Itching, sweating, cough and headache were the most frequently reported adverse effects perceived to be associated with asthma medicine. Results showed that only 17% and 12% of participants were metered dose inhalers and dry powder inhalers, respectively. The average score of metered dose inhaler (MDI) and dry powder inhaler (DPI) were 3.5±3.1 and 2.14 ±1.3, respectively. Conclusion: To achieve proper outcomes and to ensure better quality of life to patients, pharmacist should counsel patients about the proper use of medications as well as inhaler use especially meter dose inhaler and also about the avoidance of triggers of disease. Keyword: Asthma, pharmaceutical care, patient education, inhaler technique, avoidance of triggers.

Objective: The objective of the study was to compare the effects of McKenzie Extension Exercises versus Mulligan Sustained Natural Apophyseal Glides on Pain and Functional outcomes in patients with Acute Non-Specific Low Back Pain. Material and Methods: Study design was experimental. 84 Patients were selected randomly through computer balloting and were allocated into group A and B. The questionnaire was based on two primary outcome measures i.e. Visual Analogue Scale for pain and Back performance scale for functional abilities. Patients were assessed by a research assessor at pre-treatment i.e. t0, mid treatment i.e. t1 and after treatment i.e. t2. Results: Mean age for patients in group A was found to be 41.97±8.16 and 45.02±7.29 for patients in group B. 45.24% were males and 54.76% were females. Pain score according to VAS was recorded to be 8 which significantly dropped to 4.02±0.80 and 4.12±0.76 (p=0.56 i.e. non-significant) in patients of group A and B respectively at mid treatment level. Moreover, pain was recorded to be 1.45± 0.50 and 1.43 ± 0.50 (p=0.81 i.e. non-significant) in group A and B respectively. Functional abilities measured by Back Performance Scale was found to be 5.02 ± 2.05 and 6.78 ± 3.3 at post treatment level (p=0.00). Back Performance Scale results at 8th week follow up for both groups were significant (p-value of 0.03) with values of 2.15 ± 1.64 and 3.16± 2.43 respectively. Conclusion: The present study concluded that McKenzie exercises and SNAGs both were equally effective in improving pain whereas McKenzie exercises improved Functional abilities better than SNAGs. Key Words: Nonspecific Low back pain, McKenzie extension exercises, Mulligan SNAGs.

Objective: Restless leg Syndrome has adverse effects on sleep quality. The study intended to find out the incidence of Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS) in Type-2 diabetic patients and its relationship with Quality of Sleep. Material and Methods: The population under study consisted of 203 patients attending three major hospitals in the city of Lahore, Pakistan. RLS was diagnosed by consulting the criteria defined by the “International Restless Legs Syndrome”. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scale assessed the quality of sleep. Subjects were interviewed using these questionnaires to determine the presence, frequency & severity of RLS symptoms and their effect on the quality of their sleep. Results: Out of 203 patients, 66 were males, 137 were females. Present results revealed that RLS was present in 65% of patients. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) showed that 155 out of 203 participants were poor sleepers, and 48 were good sleepers. The disturbances in the sleep were found more among the patients with RLS than non-RLS (86.36% Vs 57.7%). A positive association was found between RLS and sleep quality. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrated that the occurrence of RLS was very high among diabetic patients, and RLS is strongly associated with poor quality of sleep. Key Words: RLS, Diabetes, Sleep quality, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index

Objective: This Experimental study was organized to investigate the ameliorating effect of Renadyl on some hematological and biochemical changes in young male rats after gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity. Material and Methods: Total eighteen (18) rats were used and divided into a control group (n=6) and treated groups (n=12). Gentamicin was given through the intraperitoneal route for 8 days. After 8 days half (n=6) rats were sacrificed from the treated group. Renadyl was administered orally to the remaining rats (n=6) for a further 10 days. After this rats were decapitated for investigation. Results: Data were analyzed by one way ANOVA. A significant difference (p≤0.05) was found in mean corpuscular hemoglobin, creatinine, urea, HDL, LDL, glucose, TAC, TOS, kidney, and liver weight in Renadyl treated group as compared to Gentamicin treated group. The results indicated that Renadyl has the potential to reduce toxicity level induced by gentamicin by using creatinine and other toxic agents as their food ingredients and also remove enteric toxins which further provoke kidney damage. Conclusion: Renadyl possesses a nephroprotective approach against Gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity. Key Words: Gentamicin, Nephrotoxicity, Renadyl, nephroprotective