Knowledge and Practices on the Prevention and Management of Diarrhea in Children Under-5 Years in Pakistan
Author(s) : Partab Rai, Karan Jhamandas Ramchandani, Amjad Ali, Muhammad Hamid, Sayed Ali, Muhammad Shoaib Rasool, Madhia Abid, Farhan Shahzad & Lal Muhammad8
Abstract:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52587/njhms.v6i1.85Objective:
Diarrhea remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children under five years old worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The basic aim of the study is to find the knowledge and practices on the prevention and management of diarrhea in children under-5 years in Pakistan.
Material and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted at Lady Reading Hospital MTI, Peshawar during August 2022 to May 2023. Data were collected from 230 children under-5 years suffering from diarrhea. Participants were selected based on the criterion that they had at least one child under the age of five who had experienced diarrhea in the past six months. Healthcare providers included pediatricians, general practitioners, nurses, and community health workers involved in child health services.
Results:
The study comprised 180 participants, with a majority being female (70%) and the rest male (30%). Most participants were aged between 20 and 29 years (50%), followed by those aged 30-39 years (40%), and a smaller group aged 40-49 years (10%). The mean age of their children was 3.5±1.2 years. The participants' knowledge on various aspects of diarrhea was evaluated, with significant awareness shown in certain areas. Regarding the causes, 65% (117 participants) identified poor sanitation, while 55% (99 participants) recognized contaminated water as a cause.
Conclusion:
It is concluded that targeted educational interventions are needed to bridge knowledge gaps among parents, particularly regarding the importance of exclusive breastfeeding and recognizing danger signs of severe diarrhea. Adherence to recommended practices, such as proper oral rehydration salts (ORS) preparation and timely healthcare seeking, should be emphasized to improve child health outcomes. Socioeconomic factors must be addressed to ensure equitable access to healthcare services and support for vulnerable populations.
Keywords: Knowledge, Practices, Prevention, Diarrhea